Karim El-Masry

Karim covers the Egypt–China trade route with a focus on the two things that make it hard: customs and currency. He explains how ECA duties and the 14% VAT stack on a real order, why Egypt's ACI/Nafeza pre-clearance and Arabic-labelling rules catch importers out, and how the pound's managed float and FX controls shape the way money actually reaches a supplier in Yiwu or Guangzhou. He has followed Egypt's import-trade scene through successive rounds of currency reform.